Cohering or binding composition and process of making the same.



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERTFULTON TOMPKINS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE BINDER COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

COHERING- OR BINDING COMPOSITION AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME.

No Drawing. Application filed August 11, 1913, Serial No. 784,121.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

Renewed August 4, 1915. Serial No.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatLRoBnn'r FULTON TOMP- KINS, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cohering or Binding Compositions and Processes of Making the Same, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to binding compositions for substances of divided or separated nature, such as sand or insoluble silicious or silicon containing material, or other substance of mineral, vegetable, or animal nature, and process of making same.

The object of the invention is to provide an eilicient binder of vegetable. nature or carbon compound character comprising a glucosid, or tannin and glucosid associated with water, or water and soluble silicates, such as sodium silicate, and has for certain specific applications the property of binding, securing or anchoring road-dust together in such a manner'that its circulation by air currents occasi'oned-byinoving vehicles or other means is limited or prevented andwhereby a solid com-pactand hardened road-bed and road'dressing is produced and an automatic hydro scopio coherence or ad herence created, without materially injuring or destroying the-cohereroradhcring binder; andals'o for binding molders sand?'or-c'ora -v positions for" cores, 'eteL; for gluing, sizing,

or cementing of cellulaii'or cellulose con taining material"or prodircts or fabrications thereof, such as paper} paste'-boand, strayv board, and the like, and for other purposes? One speciesof the composition v included in the present invention compris s "glucosids o f the aromatic extractive type; "such I asglu eo idtannins which 3 a pear; in tanning 9 tracts or productso i ni 1 proportion of j about 2 7% by? wve'ig'htto'gethor with tannin- 21% and wat r: L52 "which? composition hose-an approximate gravity of forty eigh t idegrees T'Waddell: may be produced by concentrating the spent tan liquors containing approximately 270 01? -gl ucosid and tannim'in' approximate pro rota proportion to each other by weight as oneand a half to-one,orfanaqueous 'solu tion 002% Twaddellg 'liy' evaporation or dehydration to a density of 48 degrees This product} or composition Twaddell To this aqueous solution of glucosid and tannin is preferably added a soluble silicate such as sodium silicate, in proportion of 5% by weight of the combined glucosid and tannin content when the binder is intended to be employed as a street or road dressing or as a cement or glue for paper, straw or other cellulose containing s ubstances or fabrications.

. The advantages of this binder, comprising glucosids and tannin resides in the fact that when applied to paper or other cellulose substances which are matted or bonded by glues or sizes of glue nature, that the glucosid tannins and'cther tannins act as a glue or binder while theysimultaneously fix the glue or sizebonding material in the dressing orbindeiythe tannin or tannic' acid combines withf'the'iron, alumina, lime or other 'c'onstituentsof the road construction material producingf'water "insoluble compounds 1 which present to the glucosids' and other ingredients of the' binder a superior adhesive surface so that the glucos-ids and ,'xeesstannins" act asan; agglutinizin --,1gent tor anchoring securing particles of: dust orother material" together; in" a fixed and flexible or" lastic mariner while the inherent hy'groscopic' profierties of theglucosids pro vide-a ready antlm utoriiatic nioistenin'gconstituent and efl'ect f'w ith-out del iquesen'ce s that the: particles"adhere together without becoming attached '=to foreign materials Th-e glucosid'si'employed'may be of-any' selective character they being compounds which-may contact with them such asyewhich combine the properties-of glucose and" vegetable extractiv'es, or 'what may be termed glucose esters, in such a manner that each has lost its specific physical identity as such and is less soluble than either individually in water as a rule, and is hygroscopic without deliquesence and does not effioresce or dry up spontaneously. The peculiarly adaptable properties or qualities of these glucosids probably is attributable to a progressive and alternate hydrolysis into vegetable extractives or organic or carbon containing acids and glucose and its reformation of glucosids by condensation and dehydration under atmospheric conditions of heat, moisture, and pressure. The soluble silicate, such as sodium silicate, augments the cementing and anchoring qualities of the composition especially when associated with insoluble silicates, silicious, or silicon containing substances such as are usually found associated with or form a part of road con struction. The composite composition of these ingredients associated with water therefore produces a peculiarly advantageous material of selective utility as a cement or binder of flexible resilent, and elastic nature in character.

Any glucosid associatedwith tannin may be employed and mixed in any selective or desired proportion without departing from the spirit of the invention, so long as both are present in some form or the glucosid in itself presents and exhibits the combinedproperties hereinbefore set forth.

The soluble silicate, such as sodium siliing agent or additive constituent of the composition to modify the properties thereof with reference to its silieious cementing character and also for the .purpose of resinifying some of the tannins and converting them into more water repellent substances.

The composition of tannin and glucosids may be produced byniining the individual ingredients with water or secured from such substances as spent tan liquors, or from other sources, or extracted from natural derivatives, or artificially or synthetically prepared. Some of the tannins and tannic acids areat once so called tannins and glucosids, they being converted by hydrolysis into-glucose and gallic, ellagic, protccatechuic and other acids or organic extractives.

The composition comprising glucosids and tannins together with water,-su'ch as may be obtained from or as spent tan liquors, or fluid tan waste products such as are ordinarily thrown away. either as such or prod- .cate. may be employed as a binder augment ucts which may be (btained by boiling down,

or conc .:ntratin the same, or such concentrated product redilutcd, is particularly adaptable to road treatment, acting as it does to fix the dust and cement the road base .thus maintaining a form of fixed binder which is continually working its way into and lw 'ucen particles or llici' 'xn of the road constri Jon when subjected at intervals to progressive watering either by artificial sprinkling or from the natural source of rain, etc, and exhibits the further enhancing quality of presenting a latent form of moisture by reason of its hygroscopic properties thus preventing the disintegration and drying out or crumbling of the road dressing or base body, and also provides a superior dressing or binding agent for construction materials of roads or other solid vehicle or transportation bearing body or path. This material applied to the surface of such roads as asphalt roads or pathways, and then coated or sanded with frictionable substances, has the property of anchoring or securing such material to the asphalt surface thereby pre venting the slipping of horses or skidding of vehicle wheels, the astringent properties of the tannin ingredients augmenting the frictional surface of the road as presented to cont-acting substances such as vehicle tires,

and also presents the additional feature of holding and securing or anchoring frost and ice to the roadway in such a manner that it is not easily released under pressure and forms a foothold of frictional character for horses shoes and the like, thus avoiding the usual dangerous character presented when ice is formed upon water repellent surfaces such. as asphalt, which results in slipping under pressure through the release of the unanchored ice coating.

The preferred process whereby this composition is made for employment as a road or roadway dressing, is to secure or provide a spent tan liquor from a tannery or other source which averages in density approx-iinately two degrees Twaddell or about two percent. of soluble content comprising tannin and glucosids in proportion of about one of the former to one and a half of the latter by weight; this spent tan liquor is then exposed to the action of heat either by direct means or through the medium of circulating air at a higher temperature than the liquor and preferably under reduced pressure whereby the vaporization of the aqueous content or evaporation of the material is facilitated. This drying or dehydrating action is continued until the fluid or liquor has been concentrated to about forty eight degrees Twaddell or approximately 48% of the tannin and glusocid. This concentration to ,48 degrees Twaddell is made in order to facilitate the preservation of the liquor from decomposition and to cheapen and facilitate shipment to points where it is to be utilized. This concentrated liquor is then diluted with water in the locality where it is to be employed in proportion of one part of concentrated liquor to three parts of water for a first coating or sprinkling of a road or roadway and one part to two parts of water for a second or final coating or sprinkling. This dust cohering and roadway cementing fluid has the advantage over oil dressings in that it does not injure or destroy rubber tires of vehicles or affect the varnish of the same injuriously, nor is it lost by evaporation, nor does it aifect injuriously, metal, wood or leather, or reduce the gravity of the road dressing so that it is floated and washed away by water or give a greasy appearance or dull coating to varnish or contents of vehicles.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 2- 1. A cohering or binding composition comprising a glucosid, a tannin and a soluble silicate.

2. A cohering or binding composition comprising a glucosid, a tannin, a soluble silicate and water.

3. A cohering or binding composition comprising an aromatic glucosid, a tannin and a soluble silicate.

4. A cohering or binding composition comprising an aromatic glucosid, a tannin, a soluble silicate and Water.

5. A cohering or binding composition comprising a glucosid, a tannin and sodium silicate.

6. A cohering or binding comprising a glucosid, a tannin, cate and water.

7. A cohering or binding composition comprising an aromatic glucosid, a tannin and sodium silicate.

8. A cohering or binding composition comprising an aromatic glucosid, a tannin, sodium silicate and water.

9. A cohering or binding composition composition sodium 5111- comprising the constituents of spent tan liquor.

10. A cohering or binding composition comprising the constituents of spent tan liquor and a soluble silicate.

11. A cohering or binding composition comprising the constituents of spent tan liquor and sodium silicate.

12. A cohering or binding composition comprising the concentrated or dehydrated constituents of spent tan liquor.

13. A cohering or binding composition comprising the concentrated or dehydrated constituents of spent tan liquor and a soluble silicate.

14. A cohering or binding composition comprising the concentrated or dehydrated constituents of spent tan liquor and sodium silicate.

15. The process of making a cohering or binding composition which comprises subjecting a spent tan liquor to the action of heat and removing the vapors evolved. 16. The process of making a cohering or binding composition which comprises subjecting a spent tan liquor to the action of heat under reduced pressure and removing the vapors evolved.

17 The process of making a cohering or binding composition which comprises dehydrating a spent tan liquor.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT FULTON TOMPKINS.

Witnesses:

WM. J. JULIEN, JOHN HENRY HURLBUTT. 

